1. The ‘Real’ Land of Opportunity? Kinship and Multigenerational Persistence of Class in Finland from the 18th to the Early 20th Century • Antti Haekkinen, University of Helsinki; Petri Roikonen, University of Helsinki.

2. Using Crowd Sourced Family Trees to Understand Changes in Family Connectedness in the 19th Century United States • Alice B. Kasakoff, University of South Carolina; Caglar Koylu, University of Iowa; Yuan Huang, University of South Carolina; Diansheng Guo, University of South Carolina.

3. Living Alone in the USA. A Long-Term Perspective (1850-2015) • David Reher, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Miguel Requena, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED).